Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. Nations, during the successive phases of their evolution on the globe, in which they advance from a State of infancy and barbarism to one of virility and civilization, from civilization to decadence or senility, and from decadence to their final extinction, are liable to numberless calamities. These calamities are produced by moral causes, and are then called social Revolutions, and in other instances from physical causes, and then they are termed Cataclysms, Epidemics, or Epizootics.